Iranian society of History Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī(Cultural History Studies) 2783-2120 16 60 2024 08 22 The Concept of Freedom in the Thought of Mirza Malkum Khan The Concept of Freedom in the Thought of Mirza Malkum Khan 183 216 212526 10.22034/chs.2025.480304.1027 FA Fardin Moradkhani Associate professor in Public Law, Law Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Journal Article 2024 09 25 The concept of freedom is one of the most fundamental ideas of the modern era. It emerged during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution alongside concepts such as law and equality. This concept sparked disagreements and debates. The present article examines the concept of freedom in the thought of one of the intellectuals of the Constitutional era, Mirza Malkum Khan. Using a descriptive and analytical approach and relying on Malkum Khan's writings, it seeks to answer the question of what Malkum thought of the concept of freedom. The research shows that Mirza Malkum Khan focused less on the philosophical foundations of freedom and more on its practical manifestations. Among freedoms, he has focused on the freedom and security of life, property, press, and expression. He did not consider freedom to be absolute and set boundaries for it, distinguishing it from chaos. Another notable point in Malkum Khan's thought is his emphasis on the role of the people and their desire for freedom in the emergence of the concept of freedom. The concept of freedom is one of the most fundamental ideas of the modern era. It emerged during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution alongside concepts such as law and equality. This concept sparked disagreements and debates. The present article examines the concept of freedom in the thought of one of the intellectuals of the Constitutional era, Mirza Malkum Khan. Using a descriptive and analytical approach and relying on Malkum Khan's writings, it seeks to answer the question of what Malkum thought of the concept of freedom. The research shows that Mirza Malkum Khan focused less on the philosophical foundations of freedom and more on its practical manifestations. Among freedoms, he has focused on the freedom and security of life, property, press, and expression. He did not consider freedom to be absolute and set boundaries for it, distinguishing it from chaos. Another notable point in Malkum Khan's thought is his emphasis on the role of the people and their desire for freedom in the emergence of the concept of freedom. https://www.chistorys.ir/article_212526_2ec76e2f23746196a0a69adfe18ea691.pdf