Dovecotes are amongst the most important Iranian native structures which are associated with agricultural economy. Isfahan province is amongst the areas which played an important role in the background and formation of dovecotes in Iranian native history. Since dovecotes of Golpayegan and Khvansar had not been studied in a historical and archeological point of view, the aim of this research is to clarify the importance of these buildings in cultural field based on political, economic and geographical relations. This study is used the historical texts along with archeological field survey. Aiming to get the above mentioned purposes, 146 dovecotes have been identified in Golpayegan and Khvansar, and then, this assemblage has been studied in terms of architecture, function, age, activity, and settlement and distribution pattern. The results show that most of these dovecotes are assessed along the Golpayegan and Khvansar rivers and generally belong to Qajar era. In terms of typology, these dovecotes had square plan which is different from cylindrical plan of Isfahan dovecotes. Other finding of this research is that dovecotes of Golpayegan and Khvansar had been used such as other dovecotes of Isfahan for production of fertilizer used for strengthening agricultural lands.