Ph.D Student of History of Islamic Iran, Tehran University
Abstract
Western Arabia(Magrib) is a country which is called Efrighiah (Tunisia) in historical texts. Since the eighteenth century, this country like other parts of the Islamic world was exposed to modernism and its consequences. The social elites sought to pave the way for the impact of this phenomenon, however their attempts like those of Khair al-Din Pasha were in vain as France conquered Tunisia at the end of the 19th century and occupied it for over half a century. This article shows the first efforts made in the north of Africa for comformation with modernism.
Broomand a alam,A. (2010). The First Effortsin The North of Africa toAgreewith ModernismThe Reforms of Kh?irAldin Pasha (1822-1890)in Tunis. Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī(Cultural History Studies), 1(2), 1-26.
MLA
Broomand a alam,A. . "The First Effortsin The North of Africa toAgreewith ModernismThe Reforms of Kh?irAldin Pasha (1822-1890)in Tunis", Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī(Cultural History Studies), 1, 2, 2010, 1-26.
HARVARD
Broomand a alam A. (2010). 'The First Effortsin The North of Africa toAgreewith ModernismThe Reforms of Kh?irAldin Pasha (1822-1890)in Tunis', Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī(Cultural History Studies), 1(2), pp. 1-26.
CHICAGO
A. Broomand a alam, "The First Effortsin The North of Africa toAgreewith ModernismThe Reforms of Kh?irAldin Pasha (1822-1890)in Tunis," Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī(Cultural History Studies), 1 2 (2010): 1-26,
VANCOUVER
Broomand a alam A. The First Effortsin The North of Africa toAgreewith ModernismThe Reforms of Kh?irAldin Pasha (1822-1890)in Tunis. Muṭāli̒āt-i tārīkh-i farhangī, 2010; 1(2): 1-26.
