The tradition of endowment in Iran has a long history and is rooted in the social, political and religious developments of the region. Endowment was considered more than a charitable act, it was a strategic tool for consolidating ownership and preserving assets in the transitional social structure of Iran. This institution has a long history in Gilan, as in other regions of Iran. According to historical reports, endowments increased for various reasons from the Safavid period to the Qajar era. The economy of Gilan grew during the Qajar period due to the commercialization of its strategic products, and in the meantime, as the wealth of wealthy families increased, the financial power of women also increased.Some of these women bequeathed part of their movable and immovable capital as endowments, often for ritual purposes. By analyzing documents and endowment deeds from Gilan, this research seeks to answer the question of how women endowments have achieved independent legal agency through the institution of endowments. The findings show that women endowments in Gilan, by utilizing their jurisprudential capacities in land ownership and guardianship management, have used endowments as a strategy for preserving capital and reproducing social power.By defining guardianship for themselves or their children, they have created a kind of intra-family mechanism for controlling and transferring wealth that, to some extent, compensated for the gap in formal legal protections in the period before the institutionalization of law in Iran. The research, using documentary methods and descriptive-analytical studies, criticizes the common notions of women's passivity in the Qajar patriarchal structure and proves that the activism of the women of Gilani was a kind of conscious management to ensure their economic independence in society.