The arrival of Muslim Arabs and the collapse of the Sassanian Empire disrupted Iran's political system and social structure, but the formation of religious uprisings and the rise of local dynasties was a practical attempt by Iranians to emancipate from this disruption. This endeavor entered to the cultural sphere as the Turks came to power in Iran, and litterateurs such as Ferdowsi sought to recreate the concept of Iran by dealing with the epic and national history of Iran. People are the most important component of Ferdowsi's thought in recreating the concept of Iran. Therefore, the relationship between the Iranian people and Iranian thought is the main issue of this research and authors try to analyze it through historical analysis based on library resources. Studies show that in understanding Ferdowsi's narratives about Iran, scholars especially those who research on Ferdowsi, have mainly emphasized the components of territory, government system, cultural characteristics such as language, religion and ethic, and the position of the Iranian people has rarely been discussed. Therefore, they have ignored one of the most important components of Ferdowsi's thought. The findings of this study show that in Ferdowsi's system of thought, the owners of political power and the emperor of Iran gained their legitimacy not from the Heaven but from the Iranian people; if it were not for the people, none of the other formation components of the concept of Iran would have put into practice.